HISTORICAL ECOLOGY

BOTANY/ZOOLOGY 725

Scope and objectives of ecosystem ecology; roles of theory, long-term studies, comparative studies, and large-scale experiments; scaling problems; ecosystem services and ecological economics; adaptive ecosystem assessment and management.

BOTANY 100

Major emphasis on the roles of plants and microbes in past and present global ecology, and the past and present uses of plants and microbes by humans, including emerging applications of biotechnology.

BOTANY/F&WECOL/ZOOLOGY 879

Emphasizes spatial patterning (its development and importance for ecological processes) and often focuses on large regions. Learn concepts, methods, and applications of landscape ecology.

BOTANY/F&WECOL/ZOOLOGY 460

Ecology of individual organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, landscapes, and the biosphere. The interaction of organisms with each other and their physical environment. These relationships are studied, often in quantitative terms, in both field and laboratory settings.

BOTANY/ENVIRST/F&WECOL/ZOOLOGY 516

Investigate the science behind the protection of nature and preservation of biodiversity by focusing on both the biological and socioeconomic factors that underlie the challenges to and the impacts of conservation efforts. Explore the theory, research, and application of biological conservation from an interdisciplinary, international, solutions-focused perspective. Learn about the many threats to Earth's biodiversity but also examine in-depth and apply approaches to overcome them.