# Hardest courses in Legal Studies | UW–Madison

[View on UW Courses](https://uwcourses.com/departments/LEGALST/hardest)

## Dataset

### revision

e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349

### repository

twangodev/uwcourses

### schema version

6

### importer version

7

### projection id

52a78527ff09011d88cb04c7d43867d9fbfec2930bf1dd2ec359ebd2844e0b07

### observed at

2026-09-07T15:55:43.033547+00:00

### built at

2026-09-10T19:50:42.743001+00:00

### courses

8951

### current instructors

5754

### limited

false

### terms

* 1272
* 1264
* 1262
* 1254
* 1252
* 1244
* 1242
* 1234
* 1232
* 1224
* 1222
* 1212
* 1204
* 1202
* 1194
* 1192
* 1184
* 1182
* 1174
* 1172
* 1164
* 1162
* 1154
* 1152
* 1144
* 1142
* 1134
* 1132
* 1124
* 1122
* 1114
* 1112
* 1104
* 1102
* 1094
* 1092
* 1084
* 1082
* 1074
* 1072

### term

1272

### departments

| subject   | count |
| --------- | ----- |
| AAE       | 90    |
| ABT       | 20    |
| ACCTIS    | 36    |
| ACTSCI    | 14    |
| AFAERO    | 10    |
| AFRICAN   | 87    |
| AFROAMER  | 71    |
| AGROECOL  | 21    |
| AMERIND   | 53    |
| ANAT\&PHY | 7     |
| ANATOMY   | 2     |
| ANESTHES  | 8     |
| ANSCI     | 57    |
| ANTHRO    | 95    |
| ART       | 125   |
| ARTED     | 10    |
| ARTHIST   | 121   |
| ASIALANG  | 129   |
| ASIAN     | 109   |
| ASIANAM   | 28    |
| ASTRON    | 38    |
| ATMOCN    | 69    |
| BIOCHEM   | 51    |
| BIOCORE   | 10    |
| BIOLOGY   | 14    |
| BIOMDSCI  | 18    |
| BME       | 66    |
| BMI       | 41    |
| BMOLCHEM  | 10    |
| BOTANY    | 69    |
| BSE       | 44    |
| C\&ESOC   | 73    |
| CBE       | 48    |
| CHEM      | 101   |
| CHICLA    | 52    |
| CIVENGR   | 133   |
| CLASSICS  | 47    |
| CNP       | 10    |
| CNSRSCI   | 50    |
| COMARTS   | 137   |
| COMPBIO   | 15    |
| COMPLIT   | 11    |
| COMPSCI   | 138   |
| COUNPSY   | 78    |
| CRB       | 19    |
| CS\&D     | 71    |
| CSCS      | 40    |
| CURRIC    | 193   |
| DANCE     | 93    |
| DERM      | 8     |
| DS        | 88    |
| DYSCI     | 35    |
| ECE       | 155   |
| ECON      | 145   |
| EDPOL     | 114   |
| EDPSYCH   | 97    |
| ELPA      | 70    |
| EMA       | 53    |
| EMERMED   | 17    |
| ENGL      | 206   |
| ENTOM     | 40    |
| ENVIRST   | 148   |
| EP        | 15    |
| EPD       | 67    |
| ESL       | 16    |
| F\&WECOL  | 60    |
| FAMMED    | 22    |
| FINANCE   | 50    |
| FOLKLORE  | 40    |
| FOODSCI   | 43    |
| FRENCH    | 63    |
| GEN\&WS   | 145   |
| GENBUS    | 72    |
| GENECSLR  | 17    |
| GENETICS  | 60    |
| GEOG      | 113   |
| GEOSCI    | 83    |
| GERMAN    | 82    |
| GLE       | 48    |
| GNS       | 38    |
| GREEK     | 27    |
| HDFS      | 41    |
| HEBR-BIB  | 13    |
| HEBR-MOD  | 10    |
| HISTORY   | 233   |
| HISTSCI   | 56    |
| HONCOL    | 13    |
| ILS       | 43    |
| INFOSYS   | 9     |
| INTEGART  | 7     |
| INTEGSCI  | 22    |
| INTER-AG  | 18    |
| INTER-HE  | 11    |
| INTER-LS  | 22    |
| INTEREGR  | 16    |
| INTLBUS   | 21    |
| INTLST    | 50    |
| ISYE      | 83    |
| ITALIAN   | 53    |
| JEWISH    | 56    |
| JOURN     | 88    |
| KINES     | 128   |
| LACIS     | 26    |
| LANDARC   | 61    |
| LATIN     | 24    |
| LAW       | 120   |
| LEGALST   | 48    |
| LINGUIS   | 35    |
| LIS       | 89    |
| LITTRANS  | 78    |
| LSC       | 52    |
| M\&ENVTOX | 7     |
| MARKETNG  | 62    |
| MATH      | 153   |
| MDGENET   | 8     |
| ME        | 130   |
| MEDHIST   | 43    |
| MEDICINE  | 60    |
| MEDIEVAL  | 32    |
| MEDPHYS   | 39    |
| MEDSC-M   | 29    |
| MEDSC-V   | 41    |
| MHR       | 68    |
| MICROBIO  | 45    |
| MILSCI    | 16    |
| MM\&I     | 22    |
| MOLBIOL   | 6     |
| MS\&E     | 59    |
| MUSIC     | 165   |
| MUSPERF   | 126   |
| NAVSCI    | 20    |
| NE        | 44    |
| NEURODPT  | 11    |
| NEUROL    | 7     |
| NEURSURG  | 4     |
| NTP       | 11    |
| NURSING   | 111   |
| NUTRSCI   | 65    |
| OBS\&GYN  | 18    |
| OCCTHER   | 39    |
| ONCOLOGY  | 14    |
| OPHTHALM  | 5     |
| OTM       | 43    |
| PATH      | 34    |
| PATH-BIO  | 29    |
| PEDIAT    | 26    |
| PHARMACY  | 31    |
| PHILOS    | 77    |
| PHMCOL-M  | 11    |
| PHMPRAC   | 45    |
| PHMSCI    | 60    |
| PHYASST   | 37    |
| PHYSICS   | 88    |
| PHYSIOL   | 3     |
| PHYTHER   | 37    |
| PLANTSCI  | 52    |
| PLPATH    | 35    |
| POLISCI   | 192   |
| POPHLTH   | 58    |
| PORTUG    | 33    |
| PSYCH     | 101   |
| PSYCHIAT  | 22    |
| PUBAFFR   | 54    |
| PUBLHLTH  | 23    |
| RADIOL    | 11    |
| REALEST   | 41    |
| RELIGST   | 90    |
| RHABMED   | 9     |
| RMI       | 24    |
| RP\&SE    | 102   |
| S\&APHM   | 17    |
| SCANDST   | 73    |
| SLAVIC    | 89    |
| SOC       | 149   |
| SOCWORK   | 87    |
| SOILSCI   | 46    |
| SPANISH   | 83    |
| SRMED     | 21    |
| STAT      | 94    |
| STDYABRD  | 52    |
| STS       | 8     |
| SURGERY   | 25    |
| SURGSCI   | 33    |
| THEATRE   | 91    |
| URBRPL    | 60    |
| UROLOGY   | 5     |
| ZOOLOGY   | 89    |

## subject

LEGALST

## collection

hardest

## results

### items

```json
[
  {
    "course_uid": "course_d4e6d32bb5057443da12d62d",
    "course_id": "LEGALST/SOC 131",
    "title": "CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN AMERICA",
    "credits_min": 3,
    "credits_max": 4,
    "gpa": 3.023,
    "badges": [
      {
        "id": "grade-outcomes",
        "label": "Lower grades",
        "tone": "negative",
        "evidence": "Spring 2026 · latest released grades before Fall 2026: 3.37 GPA across 188 letter grades, versus 3.64 for Legal Studies (14 courses). Requires a difference of at least 0.20 and 30 letter grades. Historical outcomes, not predicted difficulty.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Grade history and sources",
            "href": "/courses/LEGALST_SOC_131#grades"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "lecture-size",
        "label": "Large lectures",
        "tone": "neutral",
        "evidence": "Fall 2026: median 149 enrolled students across 2 recorded lecture sections. Small means 30 or fewer; large means 100 or more. Enrollment at scan time, not capacity or typical historical attendance.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Sections and enrollment",
            "href": "/courses/LEGALST_SOC_131#schedule"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "description": "Examines the functioning, organization, and roles within the U.S. criminal justice system.",
    "discovery": {
      "term": "1272",
      "offered": true,
      "history": {
        "counts": [
          556,
          570,
          750,
          315,
          272,
          67,
          22
        ],
        "count": 2552,
        "gpa": 3.082876175548589,
        "topShare": 44.122257053291534,
        "firstTerm": "1224",
        "lastTerm": "1264"
      },
      "instructors": [
        {
          "course_uid": "course_d4e6d32bb5057443da12d62d",
          "uid": "instructor_2ae0440ef978dfecb7611de0",
          "name": "Jinho Lim",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/JINHO_LIM"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_d4e6d32bb5057443da12d62d",
          "uid": "instructor_b8b8f8f41dfb217a6b348102",
          "name": "Lasya Priya Rao Jarugumilli",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/LASYA_PRIYA_RAO_JARUGUMILLI"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_d4e6d32bb5057443da12d62d",
          "uid": "instructor_9a4324aa9e57112b4a46f1cb",
          "name": "Ralph Grunewald",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/RALPH_GRUNEWALD"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_d4e6d32bb5057443da12d62d",
          "uid": "instructor_3734468f34e24176743b5bfa",
          "name": "Xuan Nguyen",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/XUAN_NGUYEN"
        }
      ],
      "instructorHistory": null,
      "courseComparison": null,
      "claim": {
        "citations": [
          {
            "instructor_name": "Alyssa  Mugavero",
            "review_date": "2025-02-26 22:57:58 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "03e3cec8839098cb2297420b",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:3077802",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTQwNzEzMTA1",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/3077802",
            "type": "review"
          },
          {
            "instructor_name": "Alyssa  Mugavero",
            "review_date": "2025-02-26 23:57:30 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "a46f73ce51d46b9a1074beef",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:3077802",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTQwNzEzMzcy",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/3077802",
            "type": "review"
          },
          {
            "instructor_name": "Alyssa  Mugavero",
            "review_date": "2025-04-25 13:39:54 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "45b487de75a9e2ccf5819872",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:3077802",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTQxMDQzNTM5",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/3077802",
            "type": "review"
          },
          {
            "instructor_name": "Alyssa  Mugavero",
            "review_date": "2025-07-23 17:10:05 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "7ee76d2391fdc5e90d18c74a",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:3077802",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTQxNTE5MjI2",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/3077802",
            "type": "review"
          }
        ],
        "text": "Historical reviews of Alyssa  Mugavero: Reviewers report that the TA leads discussions poorly, goes in circles, and fails to stay on track, making the learning process difficult."
      },
      "reviewFiles": [
        "/data/e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349/reviews/course_d4e6d32bb5057443da12d62d-0.json"
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    }
  },
  {
    "course_uid": "course_d5b2a5e9343df2c9391f9384",
    "course_id": "HISTORY/LEGALST 261",
    "title": "AMERICAN LEGAL HISTORY TO 1860",
    "credits_min": 3,
    "credits_max": 4,
    "gpa": 3.03,
    "badges": [
      {
        "id": "grade-outcomes",
        "label": "Lower grades",
        "tone": "negative",
        "evidence": "Fall 2025 · latest released grades before Fall 2026: 2.95 GPA across 55 letter grades, versus 3.66 for Legal Studies (15 courses). Requires a difference of at least 0.20 and 30 letter grades. Historical outcomes, not predicted difficulty.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Grade history and sources",
            "href": "/courses/HISTORY_LEGALST_261#grades"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "lecture-size",
        "label": "Small lectures",
        "tone": "neutral",
        "evidence": "Fall 2026: median 20.5 enrolled students across 2 recorded lecture sections. Small means 30 or fewer; large means 100 or more. Enrollment at scan time, not capacity or typical historical attendance.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Sections and enrollment",
            "href": "/courses/HISTORY_LEGALST_261#schedule"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "description": "This course surveys American legal history from English background through the Civil War, focusing on the origins of modern civil and constitutional rights.",
    "discovery": {
      "term": "1272",
      "offered": true,
      "history": {
        "counts": [
          21,
          68,
          85,
          25,
          13,
          1,
          1
        ],
        "count": 214,
        "gpa": 3.114485981308411,
        "topShare": 41.58878504672897,
        "firstTerm": "1232",
        "lastTerm": "1262"
      },
      "instructors": [
        {
          "course_uid": "course_d5b2a5e9343df2c9391f9384",
          "uid": "instructor_477be5137c13534ef931e2ef",
          "name": "Charlotte Whatley",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/CHARLOTTE_WHATLEY"
        }
      ],
      "instructorHistory": null,
      "courseComparison": null,
      "claim": {
        "citations": [
          {
            "instructor_name": "Richard  Keyser",
            "review_date": "2022-01-17 21:45:32 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "da3f1b3681921d4b60af120d",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:2014946",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTM1NzYzMTI4",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/2014946",
            "type": "review"
          },
          {
            "instructor_name": "Richard  Keyser",
            "review_date": "2025-08-30 20:07:03 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "551298443d8b2ff3bbf221f6",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:2014946",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTQxNjEyODM1",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/2014946",
            "type": "review"
          }
        ],
        "text": "Historical reviews of Richard  Keyser: The course requires intense weekly reading, note-taking, and preparation for timed essay exams and take-home papers."
      },
      "reviewFiles": [
        "/data/e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349/reviews/course_d5b2a5e9343df2c9391f9384-0.json"
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "course_uid": "course_cc2c865f34e6d96006f72b16",
    "course_id": "JEWISH/LEGALST/RELIGST 203",
    "title": "JEWISH LAW, BUSINESS, AND ETHICS",
    "credits_min": 3,
    "credits_max": 3,
    "gpa": 3.338,
    "badges": [
      {
        "id": "lecture-size",
        "label": "Small lectures",
        "tone": "neutral",
        "evidence": "Fall 2026: median 26 enrolled students across 3 recorded lecture sections. Small means 30 or fewer; large means 100 or more. Enrollment at scan time, not capacity or typical historical attendance.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Sections and enrollment",
            "href": "/courses/JEWISH_LEGALST_RELIGST_203#schedule"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "description": "Explores the development of Jewish law from antiquity to modernity, focusing on business practices and ethics.",
    "discovery": {
      "term": "1272",
      "offered": true,
      "history": {
        "counts": [
          32,
          41,
          38,
          10,
          5,
          3,
          1
        ],
        "count": 130,
        "gpa": 3.2576923076923077,
        "topShare": 56.15384615384615,
        "firstTerm": "1242",
        "lastTerm": "1262"
      },
      "instructors": [
        {
          "course_uid": "course_cc2c865f34e6d96006f72b16",
          "uid": "instructor_2cfc1d00ba158b5b569ff4f7",
          "name": "Jordan Rosenblum",
          "quality": 3.640236477085033,
          "quality_count": 38,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/JORDAN_ROSENBLUM"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_cc2c865f34e6d96006f72b16",
          "uid": "instructor_97feaf261324948285697af1",
          "name": "Levi Sherman",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/LEVI_SHERMAN"
        }
      ],
      "instructorHistory": null,
      "courseComparison": null,
      "claim": null,
      "reviewFiles": []
    }
  },
  {
    "course_uid": "course_04e6f73695001bec3ed456ce",
    "course_id": "CHICLA/LEGALST/SOC 440",
    "title": "ETHNICITY, RACE, AND JUSTICE",
    "credits_min": 3,
    "credits_max": 4,
    "gpa": 3.308,
    "badges": [
      {
        "id": "rated-teacher",
        "label": "Highly rated instructor",
        "tone": "positive",
        "evidence": "Fall 2026: Michael Light (4.05/5 adjusted; 19 ratings). At least one assigned instructor qualifies. This describes instructor reviews across courses, not a course rating.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Michael Light",
            "href": "/instructors/MICHAEL_LIGHT"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "lecture-size",
        "label": "Small lectures",
        "tone": "neutral",
        "evidence": "Fall 2026: median 12 enrolled students across 3 recorded lecture sections. Small means 30 or fewer; large means 100 or more. Enrollment at scan time, not capacity or typical historical attendance.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Sections and enrollment",
            "href": "/courses/CHICLA_LEGALST_SOC_440#schedule"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "description": "Examines ethnicity, race, and justice with a specific emphasis on US Latinx/e peoples.",
    "discovery": {
      "term": "1272",
      "offered": true,
      "history": {
        "counts": [
          65,
          75,
          29,
          21,
          15,
          7,
          2
        ],
        "count": 214,
        "gpa": 3.2663551401869158,
        "topShare": 65.42056074766354,
        "firstTerm": "1232",
        "lastTerm": "1252"
      },
      "instructors": [
        {
          "course_uid": "course_04e6f73695001bec3ed456ce",
          "uid": "instructor_c7d3f4dd4425f2d2c259be00",
          "name": "Michael Light",
          "quality": 4.054454247972613,
          "quality_count": 19,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/MICHAEL_LIGHT"
        }
      ],
      "instructorHistory": null,
      "courseComparison": null,
      "claim": {
        "citations": [
          {
            "instructor_name": "Michael Light",
            "review_date": "2022-12-15 17:34:29 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "56c2f6985493adac87dc75c7",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:2376892",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTM3MTM4MDI2",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/2376892",
            "type": "review"
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            "instructor_name": "Michael Light",
            "review_date": "2024-12-20 02:48:57 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "535faceae0502a2d62094890",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:2376892",
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            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/2376892",
            "type": "review"
          }
        ],
        "text": "Assignments and exams are straightforward, but grading relies heavily on article evaluations with unclear criteria, and the fast lecture pace complicates note-taking."
      },
      "reviewFiles": [
        "/data/e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349/reviews/course_04e6f73695001bec3ed456ce-0.json"
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  },
  {
    "course_uid": "course_8b474c73bf13980ad768add0",
    "course_id": "GEN&WS/LEGALST/SOC 425",
    "title": "CRIME, GENDER AND JUSTICE",
    "credits_min": 3,
    "credits_max": 3,
    "gpa": 3.465,
    "badges": [
      {
        "id": "rated-teacher",
        "label": "Highly rated instructor",
        "tone": "positive",
        "evidence": "Fall 2026: Frankie Frank (4.22/5 adjusted; 23 ratings). At least one assigned instructor qualifies. This describes instructor reviews across courses, not a course rating.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Frankie Frank",
            "href": "/instructors/FRANKIE_FRANK"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "lecture-size",
        "label": "Small lectures",
        "tone": "neutral",
        "evidence": "Fall 2026: median 5 enrolled students across 3 recorded lecture sections. Small means 30 or fewer; large means 100 or more. Enrollment at scan time, not capacity or typical historical attendance.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Sections and enrollment",
            "href": "/courses/GEN%26WS_LEGALST_SOC_425#schedule"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "description": "Explores the intersection of gender, crime, and justice, examining female experiences and theoretical implications within the criminal justice system.",
    "discovery": {
      "term": "1272",
      "offered": true,
      "history": {
        "counts": [
          253,
          180,
          74,
          27,
          18,
          3,
          5
        ],
        "count": 560,
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```

### total

17

### page

1

### kind

course

### q



### term

1272

### availability

offered

### filters

#### ranking

hardest

#### subject

LEGALST
