# Hardest courses in Economics | UW–Madison

[View on UW Courses](https://uwcourses.com/departments/ECON/hardest)

## Dataset

### revision

e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349

### repository

twangodev/uwcourses

### schema version

6

### importer version

7

### projection id

52a78527ff09011d88cb04c7d43867d9fbfec2930bf1dd2ec359ebd2844e0b07

### observed at

2026-09-07T15:55:43.033547+00:00

### built at

2026-09-10T19:50:42.743001+00:00

### courses

8951

### current instructors

5754

### limited

false

### terms

* 1272
* 1264
* 1262
* 1254
* 1252
* 1244
* 1242
* 1234
* 1232
* 1224
* 1222
* 1212
* 1204
* 1202
* 1194
* 1192
* 1184
* 1182
* 1174
* 1172
* 1164
* 1162
* 1154
* 1152
* 1144
* 1142
* 1134
* 1132
* 1124
* 1122
* 1114
* 1112
* 1104
* 1102
* 1094
* 1092
* 1084
* 1082
* 1074
* 1072

### term

1272

### departments

| subject   | count |
| --------- | ----- |
| AAE       | 90    |
| ABT       | 20    |
| ACCTIS    | 36    |
| ACTSCI    | 14    |
| AFAERO    | 10    |
| AFRICAN   | 87    |
| AFROAMER  | 71    |
| AGROECOL  | 21    |
| AMERIND   | 53    |
| ANAT\&PHY | 7     |
| ANATOMY   | 2     |
| ANESTHES  | 8     |
| ANSCI     | 57    |
| ANTHRO    | 95    |
| ART       | 125   |
| ARTED     | 10    |
| ARTHIST   | 121   |
| ASIALANG  | 129   |
| ASIAN     | 109   |
| ASIANAM   | 28    |
| ASTRON    | 38    |
| ATMOCN    | 69    |
| BIOCHEM   | 51    |
| BIOCORE   | 10    |
| BIOLOGY   | 14    |
| BIOMDSCI  | 18    |
| BME       | 66    |
| BMI       | 41    |
| BMOLCHEM  | 10    |
| BOTANY    | 69    |
| BSE       | 44    |
| C\&ESOC   | 73    |
| CBE       | 48    |
| CHEM      | 101   |
| CHICLA    | 52    |
| CIVENGR   | 133   |
| CLASSICS  | 47    |
| CNP       | 10    |
| CNSRSCI   | 50    |
| COMARTS   | 137   |
| COMPBIO   | 15    |
| COMPLIT   | 11    |
| COMPSCI   | 138   |
| COUNPSY   | 78    |
| CRB       | 19    |
| CS\&D     | 71    |
| CSCS      | 40    |
| CURRIC    | 193   |
| DANCE     | 93    |
| DERM      | 8     |
| DS        | 88    |
| DYSCI     | 35    |
| ECE       | 155   |
| ECON      | 145   |
| EDPOL     | 114   |
| EDPSYCH   | 97    |
| ELPA      | 70    |
| EMA       | 53    |
| EMERMED   | 17    |
| ENGL      | 206   |
| ENTOM     | 40    |
| ENVIRST   | 148   |
| EP        | 15    |
| EPD       | 67    |
| ESL       | 16    |
| F\&WECOL  | 60    |
| FAMMED    | 22    |
| FINANCE   | 50    |
| FOLKLORE  | 40    |
| FOODSCI   | 43    |
| FRENCH    | 63    |
| GEN\&WS   | 145   |
| GENBUS    | 72    |
| GENECSLR  | 17    |
| GENETICS  | 60    |
| GEOG      | 113   |
| GEOSCI    | 83    |
| GERMAN    | 82    |
| GLE       | 48    |
| GNS       | 38    |
| GREEK     | 27    |
| HDFS      | 41    |
| HEBR-BIB  | 13    |
| HEBR-MOD  | 10    |
| HISTORY   | 233   |
| HISTSCI   | 56    |
| HONCOL    | 13    |
| ILS       | 43    |
| INFOSYS   | 9     |
| INTEGART  | 7     |
| INTEGSCI  | 22    |
| INTER-AG  | 18    |
| INTER-HE  | 11    |
| INTER-LS  | 22    |
| INTEREGR  | 16    |
| INTLBUS   | 21    |
| INTLST    | 50    |
| ISYE      | 83    |
| ITALIAN   | 53    |
| JEWISH    | 56    |
| JOURN     | 88    |
| KINES     | 128   |
| LACIS     | 26    |
| LANDARC   | 61    |
| LATIN     | 24    |
| LAW       | 120   |
| LEGALST   | 48    |
| LINGUIS   | 35    |
| LIS       | 89    |
| LITTRANS  | 78    |
| LSC       | 52    |
| M\&ENVTOX | 7     |
| MARKETNG  | 62    |
| MATH      | 153   |
| MDGENET   | 8     |
| ME        | 130   |
| MEDHIST   | 43    |
| MEDICINE  | 60    |
| MEDIEVAL  | 32    |
| MEDPHYS   | 39    |
| MEDSC-M   | 29    |
| MEDSC-V   | 41    |
| MHR       | 68    |
| MICROBIO  | 45    |
| MILSCI    | 16    |
| MM\&I     | 22    |
| MOLBIOL   | 6     |
| MS\&E     | 59    |
| MUSIC     | 165   |
| MUSPERF   | 126   |
| NAVSCI    | 20    |
| NE        | 44    |
| NEURODPT  | 11    |
| NEUROL    | 7     |
| NEURSURG  | 4     |
| NTP       | 11    |
| NURSING   | 111   |
| NUTRSCI   | 65    |
| OBS\&GYN  | 18    |
| OCCTHER   | 39    |
| ONCOLOGY  | 14    |
| OPHTHALM  | 5     |
| OTM       | 43    |
| PATH      | 34    |
| PATH-BIO  | 29    |
| PEDIAT    | 26    |
| PHARMACY  | 31    |
| PHILOS    | 77    |
| PHMCOL-M  | 11    |
| PHMPRAC   | 45    |
| PHMSCI    | 60    |
| PHYASST   | 37    |
| PHYSICS   | 88    |
| PHYSIOL   | 3     |
| PHYTHER   | 37    |
| PLANTSCI  | 52    |
| PLPATH    | 35    |
| POLISCI   | 192   |
| POPHLTH   | 58    |
| PORTUG    | 33    |
| PSYCH     | 101   |
| PSYCHIAT  | 22    |
| PUBAFFR   | 54    |
| PUBLHLTH  | 23    |
| RADIOL    | 11    |
| REALEST   | 41    |
| RELIGST   | 90    |
| RHABMED   | 9     |
| RMI       | 24    |
| RP\&SE    | 102   |
| S\&APHM   | 17    |
| SCANDST   | 73    |
| SLAVIC    | 89    |
| SOC       | 149   |
| SOCWORK   | 87    |
| SOILSCI   | 46    |
| SPANISH   | 83    |
| SRMED     | 21    |
| STAT      | 94    |
| STDYABRD  | 52    |
| STS       | 8     |
| SURGERY   | 25    |
| SURGSCI   | 33    |
| THEATRE   | 91    |
| URBRPL    | 60    |
| UROLOGY   | 5     |
| ZOOLOGY   | 89    |

## subject

ECON

## collection

hardest

## results

### items

```json
[
  {
    "course_uid": "course_67164e31bc510b3170f584a8",
    "course_id": "ECON 400",
    "title": "INTRODUCTION TO APPLIED ECONOMETRICS",
    "credits_min": 4,
    "credits_max": 4,
    "gpa": 3.075,
    "badges": [
      {
        "id": "rated-teacher",
        "label": "Highly rated instructor",
        "tone": "positive",
        "evidence": "Fall 2026: Christopher Mckelvey (4.48/5 adjusted; 92 ratings). At least one assigned instructor qualifies. This describes instructor reviews across courses, not a course rating.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Christopher Mckelvey",
            "href": "/instructors/CHRISTOPHER_MCKELVEY"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "grade-outcomes",
        "label": "Lower grades",
        "tone": "negative",
        "evidence": "Spring 2026 · latest released grades before Fall 2026: 3.06 GPA across 197 letter grades, versus 3.42 for Economics (37 courses). Requires a difference of at least 0.20 and 30 letter grades. Historical outcomes, not predicted difficulty.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Grade history and sources",
            "href": "/courses/ECON_400#grades"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "lecture-size",
        "label": "Large lectures",
        "tone": "neutral",
        "evidence": "Fall 2026: median 184 enrolled students across 1 recorded lecture section. Small means 30 or fewer; large means 100 or more. Enrollment at scan time, not capacity or typical historical attendance.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Sections and enrollment",
            "href": "/courses/ECON_400#schedule"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "description": "ECON 400 introduces applied econometrics, teaching statistical methods to evaluate empirical relationships and test economic theory using real-world data.",
    "discovery": {
      "term": "1272",
      "offered": true,
      "history": {
        "counts": [
          284,
          258,
          258,
          252,
          164,
          15,
          6
        ],
        "count": 1237,
        "gpa": 3.0606305578011317,
        "topShare": 43.81568310428456,
        "firstTerm": "1224",
        "lastTerm": "1264"
      },
      "instructors": [
        {
          "course_uid": "course_67164e31bc510b3170f584a8",
          "uid": "instructor_6f4f1e3e581d45be4e30379b",
          "name": "Christopher Mckelvey",
          "quality": 4.481372461347607,
          "quality_count": 92,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/CHRISTOPHER_MCKELVEY"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_67164e31bc510b3170f584a8",
          "uid": "instructor_7a2ad80b4bd9086e40347556",
          "name": "Julie Kim",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/JULIE_KIM"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_67164e31bc510b3170f584a8",
          "uid": "instructor_80985aa95c7c1da2b6614439",
          "name": "Masahiro Nishida",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/MASAHIRO_NISHIDA"
        }
      ],
      "instructorHistory": null,
      "courseComparison": null,
      "claim": {
        "citations": [
          {
            "instructor_name": "Christopher McKelvey",
            "review_date": "2019-12-16 19:09:16 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "97c02f831104d1fa763dea4c",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:1632497",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTMyNjc4NjYz",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/1632497",
            "type": "review"
          },
          {
            "instructor_name": "Christopher McKelvey",
            "review_date": "2024-12-15 20:19:23 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "decc87e8f2d9318d62c3af88",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:1632497",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTQwMzEwNjA4",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/1632497",
            "type": "review"
          },
          {
            "instructor_name": "Christopher McKelvey",
            "review_date": "2026-04-23 20:28:11 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "5b57214a62ed74cfd4901d5a",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:1632497",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTQyOTE3MDE2",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/1632497",
            "type": "review"
          }
        ],
        "text": "The course features reasonable problem sets and challenging exams. While tests are considered tricky or hard, reviewers find them fair and note that they are curved."
      },
      "reviewFiles": [
        "/data/e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349/reviews/course_67164e31bc510b3170f584a8-0.json"
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "course_uid": "course_e104fb600738e5af6d58c4dd",
    "course_id": "ECON 310",
    "title": "STATISTICS: MEASUREMENT IN ECONOMICS",
    "credits_min": 4,
    "credits_max": 4,
    "gpa": 3.028,
    "badges": [
      {
        "id": "grade-outcomes",
        "label": "Lower grades",
        "tone": "negative",
        "evidence": "Spring 2026 · latest released grades before Fall 2026: 3.10 GPA across 320 letter grades, versus 3.42 for Economics (37 courses). Requires a difference of at least 0.20 and 30 letter grades. Historical outcomes, not predicted difficulty.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Grade history and sources",
            "href": "/courses/ECON_310#grades"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "lecture-size",
        "label": "Large lectures",
        "tone": "neutral",
        "evidence": "Fall 2026: median 184.5 enrolled students across 2 recorded lecture sections. Small means 30 or fewer; large means 100 or more. Enrollment at scan time, not capacity or typical historical attendance.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Sections and enrollment",
            "href": "/courses/ECON_310#schedule"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "description": "ECON 310 introduces the analysis of economic data using descriptive statistics and statistical inference techniques like hypothesis testing and estimation.",
    "discovery": {
      "term": "1272",
      "offered": true,
      "history": {
        "counts": [
          825,
          593,
          662,
          497,
          436,
          64,
          37
        ],
        "count": 3114,
        "gpa": 3.0635838150289016,
        "topShare": 45.536287732819524,
        "firstTerm": "1224",
        "lastTerm": "1264"
      },
      "instructors": [
        {
          "course_uid": "course_e104fb600738e5af6d58c4dd",
          "uid": "instructor_37b4f83e228e58534f4227a9",
          "name": "Gregory Pac",
          "quality": 3.7688106965116415,
          "quality_count": 103,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/GREGORY_PAC"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_e104fb600738e5af6d58c4dd",
          "uid": "instructor_6d8ed43593a4bb5cb78abdf1",
          "name": "David Hansen",
          "quality": 2.9691797383971172,
          "quality_count": 73,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/DAVID_HANSEN"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_e104fb600738e5af6d58c4dd",
          "uid": "instructor_ad36e9b5df36643d087b8b7c",
          "name": "Chia-Min Wei",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/CHIA-MIN_WEI"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_e104fb600738e5af6d58c4dd",
          "uid": "instructor_fffab93934455ed3254e9c75",
          "name": "Haruo Kakehi",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/HARUO_KAKEHI"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_e104fb600738e5af6d58c4dd",
          "uid": "instructor_9cb686196c315e4ef653183f",
          "name": "Jiaoyang Li",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/JIAOYANG_LI"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_e104fb600738e5af6d58c4dd",
          "uid": "instructor_ed35f8729170dc117aae327a",
          "name": "Jingrong Chen",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/JINGRONG_CHEN"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_e104fb600738e5af6d58c4dd",
          "uid": "instructor_c10031f1648aa446f90b63b1",
          "name": "Kai Gao",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/KAI_GAO"
        }
      ],
      "instructorHistory": null,
      "courseComparison": null,
      "claim": {
        "citations": [
          {
            "instructor_name": "David Hansen",
            "review_date": "2015-05-13 23:20:32 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "0db12137f3761f21fe53497d",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:1904025",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTI0ODI1Njg5",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/1904025",
            "type": "review"
          },
          {
            "instructor_name": "David Hansen",
            "review_date": "2016-05-05 14:42:33 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "cb25f6d7d74d3b394081a255",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:1904025",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTI2NDc4Njg5",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/1904025",
            "type": "review"
          },
          {
            "instructor_name": "David Hansen",
            "review_date": "2018-09-09 18:55:10 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "0ca0d2e5375b68852df5a64e",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:1904025",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTMwNDkwODY5",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/1904025",
            "type": "review"
          },
          {
            "instructor_name": "David Hansen",
            "review_date": "2022-12-22 19:37:35 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "1f28ff2939df6822c29ce780",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:1904025",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTM3MjI2MTE0",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/1904025",
            "type": "review"
          },
          {
            "instructor_name": "David Hansen",
            "review_date": "2026-05-10 23:24:57 +0000 UTC",
            "review_id": "a437e8f7357174cd04d1372c",
            "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4",
            "source_instructor_id": "rmp:1904025",
            "source_review_id": "UmF0aW5nLTQzMDg3NTc4",
            "source_url": "https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/professor/1904025",
            "type": "review"
          }
        ],
        "text": "The course is described as hard, with difficult midterms and finals. Workload includes weekly homework via MindTap or Aplia, which some find time-consuming. One review notes that exams can be harder than practice problems."
      },
      "reviewFiles": [
        "/data/e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349/reviews/course_e104fb600738e5af6d58c4dd-0.json"
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "course_uid": "course_bff484b003bf5318358b70ba",
    "course_id": "ECON/FINANCE 300",
    "title": "INTRODUCTION TO FINANCE",
    "credits_min": 3,
    "credits_max": 3,
    "gpa": 3.011,
    "badges": [
      {
        "id": "rated-teacher",
        "label": "Highly rated instructor",
        "tone": "positive",
        "evidence": "Fall 2026: Jim Shovein (4.07/5 adjusted; 13 ratings). At least one assigned instructor qualifies. This describes instructor reviews across courses, not a course rating.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Jim Shovein",
            "href": "/instructors/JIM_SHOVEIN"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "grade-outcomes",
        "label": "Lower grades",
        "tone": "negative",
        "evidence": "Spring 2026 · latest released grades before Fall 2026: 3.17 GPA across 520 letter grades, versus 3.42 for Economics (37 courses). Requires a difference of at least 0.20 and 30 letter grades. Historical outcomes, not predicted difficulty.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Grade history and sources",
            "href": "/courses/ECON_FINANCE_300#grades"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "lecture-size",
        "label": "Small lectures",
        "tone": "neutral",
        "evidence": "Fall 2026: median 26 enrolled students across 10 recorded lecture sections. Small means 30 or fewer; large means 100 or more. Enrollment at scan time, not capacity or typical historical attendance.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Sections and enrollment",
            "href": "/courses/ECON_FINANCE_300#schedule"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "description": "Introduction to corporate finance and investment concepts including valuation, capital budgeting, and financial markets.",
    "discovery": {
      "term": "1272",
      "offered": true,
      "history": {
        "counts": [
          1094,
          1093,
          1120,
          666,
          514,
          145,
          49
        ],
        "count": 4681,
        "gpa": 3.076158940397351,
        "topShare": 46.7207861568041,
        "firstTerm": "1224",
        "lastTerm": "1264"
      },
      "instructors": [
        {
          "course_uid": "course_bff484b003bf5318358b70ba",
          "uid": "instructor_8837f087a72c73d1021e4d24",
          "name": "Jim Shovein",
          "quality": 4.065567141543391,
          "quality_count": 13,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/JIM_SHOVEIN"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_bff484b003bf5318358b70ba",
          "uid": "instructor_ec68c58d6b791a03718cf9ee",
          "name": "Mark Laplante",
          "quality": 3.767908118949407,
          "quality_count": 179,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/MARK_LAPLANTE"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_bff484b003bf5318358b70ba",
          "uid": "instructor_e5ca02b1413ddb8a86c307e5",
          "name": "Andrew Douglas",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/ANDREW_DOUGLAS"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_bff484b003bf5318358b70ba",
          "uid": "instructor_83451489e0159e429bd1af6f",
          "name": "Kasey Morris",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/KASEY_MORRIS"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_bff484b003bf5318358b70ba",
          "uid": "instructor_2cf7c8afeedb45ff0255a3de",
          "name": "Liam Hirsch",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/LIAM_HIRSCH"
        },
        {
          "course_uid": "course_bff484b003bf5318358b70ba",
          "uid": "instructor_4f3d21fe9ca0e95630bc2e48",
          "name": "Limin Peng",
          "quality": null,
          "quality_count": null,
          "instructor_url": "/instructors/LIMIN_PENG"
        },
        {
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### page

1

### kind

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### q



### term

1272

### availability

offered

### filters

#### ranking

hardest

#### subject

ECON