# ECE 437: Communication Systems II | UW–Madison [View on UW Courses](https://uwcourses.com/courses/ECE_437) ## Dataset ### revision e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349 ### repository twangodev/uwcourses ### schema version 6 ### importer version 7 ### projection id 52a78527ff09011d88cb04c7d43867d9fbfec2930bf1dd2ec359ebd2844e0b07 ### observed at 2026-09-07T15:55:43.033547+00:00 ### built at 2026-09-10T19:50:42.743001+00:00 ### courses 8951 ### current instructors 5754 ### limited false ### terms * 1272 * 1264 * 1262 * 1254 * 1252 * 1244 * 1242 * 1234 * 1232 * 1224 * 1222 * 1212 * 1204 * 1202 * 1194 * 1192 * 1184 * 1182 * 1174 * 1172 * 1164 * 1162 * 1154 * 1152 * 1144 * 1142 * 1134 * 1132 * 1124 * 1122 * 1114 * 1112 * 1104 * 1102 * 1094 * 1092 * 1084 * 1082 * 1074 * 1072 ### term 1272 ### departments | subject | count | | --------- | ----- | | AAE | 90 | | ABT | 20 | | ACCTIS | 36 | | ACTSCI | 14 | | AFAERO | 10 | | AFRICAN | 87 | | AFROAMER | 71 | | AGROECOL | 21 | | AMERIND | 53 | | ANAT\&PHY | 7 | | ANATOMY | 2 | | ANESTHES | 8 | | ANSCI | 57 | | ANTHRO | 95 | | ART | 125 | | ARTED | 10 | | ARTHIST | 121 | | ASIALANG | 129 | | ASIAN | 109 | | ASIANAM | 28 | | ASTRON | 38 | | ATMOCN | 69 | | BIOCHEM | 51 | | BIOCORE | 10 | | BIOLOGY | 14 | | BIOMDSCI | 18 | | BME | 66 | | BMI | 41 | | BMOLCHEM | 10 | | BOTANY | 69 | | BSE | 44 | | C\&ESOC | 73 | | CBE | 48 | | CHEM | 101 | | CHICLA | 52 | | CIVENGR | 133 | | CLASSICS | 47 | | CNP | 10 | | CNSRSCI | 50 | | COMARTS | 137 | | COMPBIO | 15 | | COMPLIT | 11 | | COMPSCI | 138 | | COUNPSY | 78 | | CRB | 19 | | CS\&D | 71 | | CSCS | 40 | | CURRIC | 193 | | DANCE | 93 | | DERM | 8 | | DS | 88 | | DYSCI | 35 | | ECE | 155 | | ECON | 145 | | EDPOL | 114 | | EDPSYCH | 97 | | ELPA | 70 | | EMA | 53 | | EMERMED | 17 | | ENGL | 206 | | ENTOM | 40 | | ENVIRST | 148 | | EP | 15 | | EPD | 67 | | ESL | 16 | | F\&WECOL | 60 | | FAMMED | 22 | | FINANCE | 50 | | FOLKLORE | 40 | | FOODSCI | 43 | | FRENCH | 63 | | GEN\&WS | 145 | | GENBUS | 72 | | GENECSLR | 17 | | GENETICS | 60 | | GEOG | 113 | | GEOSCI | 83 | | GERMAN | 82 | | GLE | 48 | | GNS | 38 | | GREEK | 27 | | HDFS | 41 | | HEBR-BIB | 13 | | HEBR-MOD | 10 | | HISTORY | 233 | | HISTSCI | 56 | | HONCOL | 13 | | ILS | 43 | | INFOSYS | 9 | | INTEGART | 7 | | INTEGSCI | 22 | | INTER-AG | 18 | | INTER-HE | 11 | | INTER-LS | 22 | | INTEREGR | 16 | | INTLBUS | 21 | | INTLST | 50 | | ISYE | 83 | | ITALIAN | 53 | | JEWISH | 56 | | JOURN | 88 | | KINES | 128 | | LACIS | 26 | | LANDARC | 61 | | LATIN | 24 | | LAW | 120 | | LEGALST | 48 | | LINGUIS | 35 | | LIS | 89 | | LITTRANS | 78 | | LSC | 52 | | M\&ENVTOX | 7 | | MARKETNG | 62 | | MATH | 153 | | MDGENET | 8 | | ME | 130 | | MEDHIST | 43 | | MEDICINE | 60 | | MEDIEVAL | 32 | | MEDPHYS | 39 | | MEDSC-M | 29 | | MEDSC-V | 41 | | MHR | 68 | | MICROBIO | 45 | | MILSCI | 16 | | MM\&I | 22 | | MOLBIOL | 6 | | MS\&E | 59 | | MUSIC | 165 | | MUSPERF | 126 | | NAVSCI | 20 | | NE | 44 | | NEURODPT | 11 | | NEUROL | 7 | | NEURSURG | 4 | | NTP | 11 | | NURSING | 111 | | NUTRSCI | 65 | | OBS\&GYN | 18 | | OCCTHER | 39 | | ONCOLOGY | 14 | | OPHTHALM | 5 | | OTM | 43 | | PATH | 34 | | PATH-BIO | 29 | | PEDIAT | 26 | | PHARMACY | 31 | | PHILOS | 77 | | PHMCOL-M | 11 | | PHMPRAC | 45 | | PHMSCI | 60 | | PHYASST | 37 | | PHYSICS | 88 | | PHYSIOL | 3 | | PHYTHER | 37 | | PLANTSCI | 52 | | PLPATH | 35 | | POLISCI | 192 | | POPHLTH | 58 | | PORTUG | 33 | | PSYCH | 101 | | PSYCHIAT | 22 | | PUBAFFR | 54 | | PUBLHLTH | 23 | | RADIOL | 11 | | REALEST | 41 | | RELIGST | 90 | | RHABMED | 9 | | RMI | 24 | | RP\&SE | 102 | | S\&APHM | 17 | | SCANDST | 73 | | SLAVIC | 89 | | SOC | 149 | | SOCWORK | 87 | | SOILSCI | 46 | | SPANISH | 83 | | SRMED | 21 | | STAT | 94 | | STDYABRD | 52 | | STS | 8 | | SURGERY | 25 | | SURGSCI | 33 | | THEATRE | 91 | | URBRPL | 60 | | UROLOGY | 5 | | ZOOLOGY | 89 | ## course ### run id 20260907T155543-ce3781c4 ### semester 1272 ### observed at 2026-09-07 15:55:43.033547+00:00 ### record version id 1d1f1257822168a6f24ec4f450c6dd516edc17de44b197b45ca4b096af6f59d9 ### course id ECE 437 ### course uid course\_8882696e9f9c3fba0f0ea447 ### catalog version id b6617a37cddc919462e7a24ad6e355a4472eb60dc6b14e8f5bec1e676480c165 ### course number 437 ### subjects * ECE ### title COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS II ### description Statistical analysis of information transmission systems. Probability of error, design of receivers for digital transmission through additive white Gaussian noise channels and bandlimited channels. Spread spectrum communication systems. Channel capacity, source and error control coding. ### requirements text (E C E 203or330), graduate/professional standing, or member of Engineering Guest Students ### credit offering ids None recorded. ### llm job id enrich-8b774950c2b6adfdc46d1b82 ### llm output id f7163a6224b9070079274dfa3b777f421dc967ea5651f29bb18c8c481ade7973 ### llm model nvidia/Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-NVFP4 ### llm model revision 1355db6a052410cfd62085d94b58866fd0f2c3c5 ### llm task version 14 ### llm search status valid ### llm summary ECE 437 covers statistical analysis of information transmission, including receiver design, spread spectrum, and coding. ### llm topics * Probability of error * Additive white Gaussian noise and bandlimited channels * Spread spectrum communication systems * Channel capacity and error control coding ### llm skills * Statistical analysis of information transmission systems. * Design of receivers for digital transmission. * Understanding spread spectrum communication systems. * Analysis of channel capacity and error control coding. ### llm assumed background * Foundational knowledge in signals, information theory, and system analysis from ECE 203 or ECE 330. ### llm search phrases * communication systems statistical analysis * digital transmission receivers * spread spectrum systems * channel capacity coding * ECE 437 communication ### llm requirements status needs\_review ### llm student summary status valid ### llm experience status insufficient\_evidence ### catalog variants None recorded. ### student summary #### context hash 37997fe833bb6612ed283c0ceb0098b455301e79c169b476a6b98095e981414a #### course id ECE 437 #### current instructors None recorded. #### difficulty workload None recorded. #### errors None recorded. #### historical context None recorded. #### message No course-specific reviews available #### offered false #### profile hash 5cb4dabf887cdbcd8c00d5a1312e10828b95c63f30bc3ea76aea199565390d02 #### quick take Recent recorded grades — Spring 2024: 3.67 GPA, 88.9% A/AB (n=9 letter grades); Spring 2025: 3.93 GPA, 100.0% A/AB (n=22 letter grades); Spring 2026: 3.82 GPA, 90.9% A/AB (n=11 letter grades). ```json { "citations": [ { "course_id": "ECE 437", "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4", "source_record": { "entity_id": "38bf54f3-5029-3eee-ac56-ba075283e19b", "file": "tables/observations.parquet", "kind": "grades", "source": "madgrades" }, "table": "grades_latest", "term_id": "1244", "type": "grade" }, { "course_id": "ECE 437", "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4", "source_record": { "entity_id": "38bf54f3-5029-3eee-ac56-ba075283e19b", "file": "tables/observations.parquet", "kind": "grades", "source": "madgrades" }, "table": "grades_latest", "term_id": "1254", "type": "grade" }, { "course_id": "ECE 437", "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4", "source_record": { "entity_id": "38bf54f3-5029-3eee-ac56-ba075283e19b", "file": "tables/observations.parquet", "kind": "grades", "source": "madgrades" }, "table": "grades_latest", "term_id": "1264", "type": "grade" } ] } ``` #### student experience None recorded. #### task hash 74fb0997943e888960bbc9e47db8c4fd12e4292d55c20509d8d89db6a9910f68 #### teaching history None recorded. #### term id 1272 #### term name 2026 Fall #### version 2 ### requirements #### nodes ```json [ { "children": [ "n1", "n2", "n3" ], "condition": null, "course": null, "evidence": "(E C E 203or330), graduate/professional standing, or member of Engineering Guest Students", "id": "n0", "kind": "any" }, { "children": [], "condition": null, "course": { "course_number": 203, "minimum_grade": null, "subjects": [ "ECE" ], "timing": "prior" }, "evidence": "E C E 203", "id": "n1", "kind": "course" }, { "children": [], "condition": null, "course": { "course_number": 330, "minimum_grade": null, "subjects": [ "ECE" ], "timing": "prior" }, "evidence": "330", "id": "n2", "kind": "course" }, { "children": [], "condition": "graduate/professional standing", "course": null, "evidence": "graduate/professional standing", "id": "n3", "kind": "condition" } ] ``` #### notes * The term 'member of Engineering Guest Students' is a verbatim condition leaf but lacks a canonical linked course reference; it is treated as a condition. 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"passed": 0, "incomplete": 0, "no_work": 0, "not_reported": 0, "other": 0, "total": 7, "source_aliases": [ "ECE 437" ] }, { "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4", "semester": "1272", "observed_at": "2026-09-07 15:55:43.033547+00:00", "course_id": "ECE 437", "course_uid": "course_8882696e9f9c3fba0f0ea447", "term_id": "1244", "term_name": "Spring 2024", "instructors": [ "Paul Milenkovic" ], "a": 5, "ab": 3, "b": 0, "bc": 1, "c": 0, "d": 0, "f": 0, "satisfactory": 0, "unsatisfactory": 0, "credit": 0, "no_credit": 0, "passed": 0, "incomplete": 0, "no_work": 0, "not_reported": 0, "other": 0, "total": 9, "source_aliases": [ "ECE 437" ] }, { "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4", "semester": "1272", "observed_at": "2026-09-07 15:55:43.033547+00:00", "course_id": "ECE 437", "course_uid": "course_8882696e9f9c3fba0f0ea447", "term_id": "1254", "term_name": "Spring 2025", "instructors": [ "Paul Milenkovic" ], "a": 19, "ab": 3, "b": 0, "bc": 0, "c": 0, "d": 0, "f": 0, "satisfactory": 0, "unsatisfactory": 0, "credit": 0, "no_credit": 0, "passed": 0, "incomplete": 0, "no_work": 0, "not_reported": 0, "other": 0, "total": 22, "source_aliases": [ "ECE 437" ] }, { "run_id": "20260907T155543-ce3781c4", "semester": "1272", "observed_at": "2026-09-07 15:55:43.033547+00:00", "course_id": "ECE 437", "course_uid": "course_8882696e9f9c3fba0f0ea447", "term_id": "1264", "term_name": "Spring 2026", "instructors": [ "Paul Milenkovic" ], "a": 8, "ab": 2, "b": 1, "bc": 0, "c": 0, "d": 0, "f": 0, "satisfactory": 0, "unsatisfactory": 0, "credit": 0, "no_credit": 0, "passed": 0, "incomplete": 0, "no_work": 0, "not_reported": 0, "other": 0, "total": 11, "source_aliases": [ "ECE 437" ] } ] ``` ### statistics #### gpa 3.577 #### graded 163 #### counts * 88 * 39 * 20 * 11 * 3 * 1 * 1 ### grade conflicts None recorded. ### evidence #### history * [/data/e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349/history/course\_8882696e9f9c3fba0f0ea447-0.json](https://uwcourses.com/data/e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349/history/course_8882696e9f9c3fba0f0ea447-0.json) #### traces * [/data/e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349/traces/course\_8882696e9f9c3fba0f0ea447-0.json](https://uwcourses.com/data/e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349/traces/course_8882696e9f9c3fba0f0ea447-0.json) #### results * [/data/e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349/results/course\_8882696e9f9c3fba0f0ea447-0.json](https://uwcourses.com/data/e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349/results/course_8882696e9f9c3fba0f0ea447-0.json) ### revision e243353dcb7d79b7247ced91d69443ef4c2a6349 ## context ### all #### term #### gpa 3.576687116564417 #### count 163 #### university ##### size 4168 ##### gpa Percentile 34 ##### count Percentile 51 ##### median Count 156.5 ##### histogram | range | count | current | | ------- | ----- | ------- | | 0.0–0.4 | 0 | false | | 0.4–0.8 | 0 | false | | 0.8–1.2 | 0 | false | | 1.2–1.6 | 0 | false | | 1.6–2.0 | 0 | false | | 2.0–2.4 | 0 | false | | 2.4–2.8 | 12 | false | | 2.8–3.2 | 306 | false | | 3.2–3.6 | 1184 | true | | 3.6–4.0 | 2666 | false | #### departments ```json [ { "subject": "ECE", "comparison": { "size": 112, "gpaPercentile": 43, "countPercentile": 47, "medianCount": 185.5, "histogram": [ { "range": "0.0–0.4", "count": 0, "current": false }, { "range": "0.4–0.8", "count": 0, "current": false }, { "range": "0.8–1.2", "count": 0, "current": false }, { "range": "1.2–1.6", "count": 0, "current": false }, { "range": "1.6–2.0", "count": 0, "current": false }, { "range": "2.0–2.4", "count": 0, "current": false }, { "range": "2.4–2.8", "count": 0, "current": false }, { "range": "2.8–3.2", "count": 9, "current": false }, { "range": "3.2–3.6", "count": 41, "current": true }, { "range": "3.6–4.0", "count": 62, "current": false } ] } } ] ``` ### terms #### 1074 ##### term 1074 ##### gpa 3.25 ##### count 10 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1094 ##### term 1094 ##### gpa 3.090909090909091 ##### count 11 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1104 ##### term 1104 ##### gpa 3.642857142857143 ##### count 7 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1114 ##### term 1114 ##### gpa 3.1 ##### count 10 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1134 ##### term 1134 ##### gpa 3.7857142857142856 ##### count 7 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1144 ##### term 1144 ##### gpa 3.3636363636363638 ##### count 11 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1154 ##### term 1154 ##### gpa 3.55 ##### count 10 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1174 ##### term 1174 ##### gpa 3.9166666666666665 ##### count 6 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1194 ##### term 1194 ##### gpa 3.5555555555555554 ##### count 9 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1204 ##### term 1204 ##### gpa 3.6944444444444446 ##### count 18 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1224 ##### term 1224 ##### gpa 3.533333333333333 ##### count 15 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1234 ##### term 1234 ##### gpa 3.5 ##### count 7 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1244 ##### term 1244 ##### gpa 3.6666666666666665 ##### count 9 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1254 ##### term 1254 ##### gpa 3.9318181818181817 ##### count 22 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | #### 1264 ##### term 1264 ##### gpa 3.8181818181818183 ##### count 11 ##### departments | subject | comparison | | ------- | ---------- | | ECE | | ### benchmarks #### all ##### school ###### size 4168 ###### gpa 3.661479101687235 ###### top Share 81.99897146254123 ###### count 156.5 ##### ECE ###### size 112 ###### gpa 3.590646492083207 ###### top Share 78.12880766880777 ###### count 185.5 #### terms ##### 1074 ###### school ###### size 695 ###### gpa 3.3616924722887376 ###### top Share 63.22509110105764 ###### count 69 ###### ECE ###### size 20 ###### gpa 3.110370466319829 ###### top Share 50.72606982804236 ###### count 46 ##### 1084 ###### school ###### size 720 ###### gpa 3.3670742938849725 ###### top Share 63.42064564712246 ###### count 70 ###### ECE ###### size 16 ###### gpa 3.0875185917763455 ###### top Share 46.018020594418786 ###### count 47.5 ##### 1094 ###### school ###### size 758 ###### gpa 3.3891454428111527 ###### top Share 64.36369814389255 ###### count 71 ###### ECE ###### size 18 ###### gpa 3.1709531378777993 ###### top Share 48.482368483424565 ###### count 52 ##### 1104 ###### school ###### size 793 ###### gpa 3.384661458923085 ###### top Share 64.6614752434143 ###### count 66 ###### ECE ###### size 18 ###### gpa 3.0763591673236226 ###### top Share 47.17040644572389 ###### count 55.5 ##### 1114 ###### school ###### size 804 ###### gpa 3.3696004653806844 ###### top Share 64.0389334741844 ###### count 68 ###### ECE ###### size 22 ###### gpa 3.144458106909116 ###### top Share 49.77358787545943 ###### count 49 ##### 1134 ###### school ###### size 852 ###### gpa 3.4138934207568203 ###### top Share 66.35946578182744 ###### count 66 ###### ECE ###### size 26 ###### gpa 3.3422063178165016 ###### top Share 62.38776016208119 ###### count 69 ##### 1144 ###### school ###### size 878 ###### gpa 3.4092443327803017 ###### top Share 65.95978235963416 ###### count 64 ###### ECE ###### size 29 ###### gpa 3.3963570521991486 ###### top Share 65.23099367558979 ###### count 59 ##### 1154 ###### school ###### size 935 ###### gpa 3.4282378385810093 ###### top Share 67.66674668721691 ###### count 63 ###### ECE ###### size 31 ###### gpa 3.3403984750469933 ###### top Share 63.036290719914646 ###### count 63 ##### 1174 ###### school ###### size 955 ###### gpa 3.4597947384071412 ###### top Share 69.5290038366363 ###### count 69 ###### ECE ###### size 32 ###### gpa 3.4125499296052797 ###### top Share 66.90263468847662 ###### count 85 ##### 1194 ###### school ###### size 1040 ###### gpa 3.4906527436719808 ###### top Share 71.74728845515045 ###### count 67 ###### ECE ###### size 36 ###### gpa 3.5139370942069434 ###### top Share 73.58293880609176 ###### count 77 ##### 1204 ###### school ###### size 1012 ###### gpa 3.703747431523761 ###### top Share 84.59811226304916 ###### count 65.5 ###### ECE ###### size 34 ###### gpa 3.7346193271517083 ###### top Share 86.80502962000203 ###### count 73.5 ##### 1224 ###### school ###### size 1171 ###### gpa 3.5627882428500937 ###### top Share 76.37271640560496 ###### count 64 ###### ECE ###### size 43 ###### gpa 3.493101515836076 ###### top Share 71.87667215876023 ###### count 78 ##### 1234 ###### school ###### size 1188 ###### gpa 3.5799441677552393 ###### top Share 77.18256448537606 ###### count 65 ###### ECE ###### size 41 ###### gpa 3.521247893399985 ###### top Share 73.18909826442149 ###### count 70 ##### 1244 ###### school ###### size 1241 ###### gpa 3.5975573126929192 ###### top Share 78.29036874847135 ###### count 65 ###### ECE ###### size 38 ###### gpa 3.554019248602149 ###### top Share 75.22296238620345 ###### count 83.5 ##### 1254 ###### school ###### size 1289 ###### gpa 3.6126423469389106 ###### top Share 79.48050408754871 ###### count 66 ###### ECE ###### size 40 ###### gpa 3.5198762319632855 ###### top Share 74.0918065550377 ###### count 87.5 ##### 1264 ###### school ###### size 1283 ###### gpa 3.6229729166451925 ###### top Share 80.13669149396227 ###### count 66 ###### ECE ###### size 45 ###### gpa 3.5814138447018746 ###### top Share 77.53027985486403 ###### count 73 ## instructor Trends ```json [ { "uid": "instructor_d6225ce16dbb1a6bb32b467e", "name": "PAUL MILENKOVIC", "count": 91, "terms": [ { "term": "1194", "count": 9, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.5555555555555554 }, { "term": "1204", "count": 18, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.6944444444444446 }, { "term": "1224", "count": 15, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.533333333333333 }, { "term": "1234", "count": 7, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.5 }, { "term": "1244", "count": 9, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.6666666666666665 }, { "term": "1254", "count": 22, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.9318181818181817 }, { "term": "1264", "count": 11, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.8181818181818183 } ] }, { "uid": "instructor_dc664e0cacd0061fd1d53121", "name": "AKBAR SAYEED", "count": 72, "terms": [ { "term": "1074", "count": 10, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.25 }, { "term": "1094", "count": 11, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.090909090909091 }, { "term": "1104", "count": 7, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.642857142857143 }, { "term": "1114", "count": 10, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.1 }, { "term": "1134", "count": 7, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.7857142857142856 }, { "term": "1144", "count": 11, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.3636363636363638 }, { "term": "1154", "count": 10, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.55 }, { "term": "1174", "count": 6, "sections": 1, "gpa": 3.9166666666666665 } ] } ] ``` ## following None recorded.